Game theory
Mathematics and social sciences, twentieth century
It models interactions in which each participant’s outcome depends on others’ decisions.
Historical context
Game theory developed formally in the twentieth century, with contributions on competitive games, cooperation, and strategic equilibrium.
Overview
If two actors choose at the same time, each one’s best option may depend on the other’s expected response. The model makes available strategies, information, and valued outcomes explicit.
Main claims
Strategic decisions are analysed through the mutual dependence of choices and outcomes.
Debates and nuances
Results depend on how information, strategies, and preferences are specified.
This entry provides educational context.